Model flight safety guidelines

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Model flight safety guidelines start engine preparation work
1, as far as possible cleaning flying sites.
Cleaning flying sites on the pebble, glass, nails, wire and other waste
2, full attention to the surrounding environment:
Don’t in the strong wind, a rainy day or night flight
Don’t in the ventilation or buildings flight
Do not place in flight
Don’t at school, home or hospital nearby flight
Don’t in highway railway or wire nearby flight
Don’t in May for other helicopters caused by radio frequency interference place flight
3, the following personnel can’t control the helicopter:
children
In menstruation or pregnant person
Tired, ill or a drunken man
Drugs or judgment disabled people
If you are a beginner or borrow from others in the helicopter, make sure that you are already familiar with the helicopter, and before initiating already know the security matters needing attention.
4, the machine can not be used in beyond the scope of use of other USES.
The machine shall not be modified.
In the case of used only within the scope of the machine.
Shall not be used for aerial or air spraying chemicals.
Shall not use the machine in violation of laws and regulations in the activities.
5, dress appropriate
Please wear long pants.
Don’t wear necklace or other easy winding items.
Long hair must be system to the shoulder length.
Wear shoes to maintain good standing.
Bring gloves when necessary.
6, always place screwdriver, wrench and other tools.
Before initiating, review for assembly or maintenance helicopter tools are ready.
7, check each part of the helicopter.
Before starting, check to ensure that the helicopter no parts damage and working properly.
Review to ensure all activities parts position correctly, all screw and nut has tighten, and there is no damage and improper assembly place.
Check to ensure that the battery has already filled with electricity.
According to the operation manual instructions replacement of the damaged and worn-out parts. If the operation manual did not explain, please contact the dealer or with our customer service department.
Before starting the check all screw already tightening, make a mark part of oil tank is full already, and no leakage.
Eight, spare parts please use the real thing.
Don’t use the original configuration of spare parts, or may have caused the accident or the risk of injury.
9, before starting engine check the steering gear is working correctly.
Before starting engine
1, beginners should have experience there understand security matters and operating instructions. A person self-study is very dangerous.
2, check to make sure no loose or fallen screw and nut. Check to make sure the link each control links not loose desert clearance.
3, check to make sure the engine seat screw not loose.
4, check to make sure the blade no damage or wear, especially near the blade clip place.
5, check to make sure the blade weight has stabilized compromise.
6, check to make sure of a transmitter, a receiver, starter and electric plug in the battery has already filled with electricity.
7, check to make sure the oil and tubing. Tubing bending choose, oil filter plugging and too long oil not only makes the engine, and it is hard to start in flight can cause engine flameout, resulting in a plane crash.
Eight, check the glow plug. The old electric plug not only make the engine to start, and in flight will also cause the engine flameout, resulting in a plane crash
10, check the effective control of the remote control distance.
11, check to make sure all the steering gear smooth action. Steering action wrong and fault can lead to out of control, it is very dangerous.
12, check to make sure the gyroscope working properly. Special check gyro work direction.
13, check to make sure the tail rotor drive belt adjusting to moderate.
14, check to make sure the body has a proper lubrication.
15, in flight if there are abnormal jitter, please shut down engine check source.
And, regardless of the consequences to flight can lead to accidents and injuries, please follow all the rules, the enjoyment of pleasure is responsible for the safety of flight.
In flight
1, value good posture.
Don’t sit or lie on the ground control.
In the slopes easy to fall, please be careful.
2, shut down engine.
Adjust the body or the remote control.
When the body need maintenance or when abnormal jitter.
In other potentially dangerous situations.
3, start engine please follow the following principles.
Determine this area without others or obstacles.
Hold the body.
Determine the remote control and carburetor throttle position in a low level.
4, will hand or other items to leave rotating parts in case of injury.
5, with free and polite way flight.
Long time flight cause fatigue will lead to decline in judgment and accidents, often do rest adequately.
With the helicopter control keep enough distance.
Please in their range control helicopters, unreasonably action can cause accidents and injuries.
6, start and just turn off the engine don’t touch the body immediately to avoid scald.
Note:
1, start the engine, determine the remote control oil in low.
2, adjust the engine, grasping rotor head to prevent its rotation. At the same time, be careful to avoid emissions.

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Bulk battery welding

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Bulk battery welding if you bought a new bulk battery, even those expensive selected cell, of course you don’t want to put them literally of welding together, even because of welding errors and reduce the performance of the battery. Only the correct welding battery, so as to provide the biggest power. The following we introduce how to welding a row of straight and strong, and clean battery it.
If you don’t pay attention to words, a piece of iron a roll of solder can welding battery, but that would be very troublesome very troublesome. In order to more easily welding battery, let’s take a look at the auxiliary tool bar. I suggest using with the same or similar tool.
Power iron
Code 1: cell excessive heat can damage performance, iron and battery contact time more short more good.
This is very important!!!!! Soldering iron usually points sharp or flat, small power of iron is usually acute cusp, and higher power of iron is an obtuse Angle sharp or flat of. Welding battery suggest fifty and watt or more iron. So now that heat can damage the battery, why not use small wattage? Because small wattage of iron need to battery contact time is much longer to get the same amount of solder melt away. In the process of heat transfer to the battery instead use than in a few seconds of the molten solder, high-power soldering iron to much. Similarly, the head had pointed iron contact area is small, also need longer time.
High quality soldering
Soldering quality is very important, high quality soldering is usually silver shiny luster, when it set, the surface will be smooth like mirror, with battery joint is very strong. And some domestic low quality of the solder, colour and lustre is gloomy, heat transfer is slow, after solidification surface is full of wrinkles, quality of a material is loose easy to fracture (especially the crash). Some solder it already contains the welding paste, if not the most to use welding paste or rosin to increase heat transfer speed, shorten the soldering iron and battery contact time.
Cell connector
Connecting link is the connection between the battery and battery conductor, so its quality is very important. High performance of the battery is not for the connection of copper piece, should use silver high quantity. Although the price difference too far, but good batteries are still worth matchs good connection piece.
Other equipment:
Welding current frame, wire, high quality of the solder, stationery knife or abrasive paper, battery connector, plug (if necessary), hair dryer, heat shrinkable film (optional)
The first step (optional)
This step is not necessary, if you don’t like to select the battery label paper dirty or damaged, you can first in battery pack a shrink film, then use hair dryer uniform heating battery, heat shrinkable film firmly until the battery cover.
The second step
With scouring pad, fine sand paper, or the most convenient method with a knife, the ends of the battery get rough. The rough surface provides more surface area, make the solder and metal with more firm, at the same time also can remove metal oxide surface. In the crash, the battery will not easily fall off even solder joints. In polishing after the injection of cleaner, or use industrial alcohol the grinding of the residue clean.
The third step
At both ends to the battery on tin, tin adhere to the cell surface, and welding connection slice of time to accomplish in one move. Here, I use the “silver” solder (like silver as shiny). And iron is the adjustable temperature, and make it transferred to the highest temperature. In that case, as long as a little up, solder is melted, and protect the batteries. Suggestions in the process using rosin or welding paste.
Step 4
The most easy to welding battery method is to use welding electric frame, such as I now use Deans brand welding electric frame, this tool can make the battery to very straight in good order.
Then we want to consider is how to put the battery in the car, usually, the sport utility vehicle battery anode is put forward. Remember the following rules: if is fission electricity, battery positive to the most close to the electric adjustment; 3 all the label paper are up. Then, according to the order of a battery is a negative on the welding electric shelf.
If I have no welding electric frame, how to do? A method is to use plastic ruler the arrangement good battery alignment, and then in the battery on the drop between fast dry glue, such as dry then can take to the welding.
Step 5
Cover the lid of the welding electric frame, let it erect. Then, the battery connector on the adjacent cell above, to good position, then use welding electric shelf spring clip, interlinear notes connecting link. If don’t welding electric frame, can use a knife hold connecting link. Welding good side all connecting link, the battery turn, welding on the other side. Remember: be sure to check, otherwise the adjacent cells on both sides of the welding on connecting link, it will be in the form of “loop”
Step 6
Battery side have been connected over, if your wire is directly welded to the battery of words, so the two connecting link in the square, and then the long end on end welding in the battery. If you use joint word, also is very easy, put it in welding battery will do. But remember plug are couples, battery side welding Yang plug (male, drum type cylinder), the other side will be welding Yin plug (mother, tubular), and electric adjustment rules will in turn. And, to ensure that all of your battery plug rules are the same, not the car this rule, the car but with the opposite rules.
For example, my rule is: the battery anode with male plug, negative use Yin plug, electric adjustable positive use of female plug, negative use male plug.
The male plug welding on cell and is not an easy thing, and female plug will be much easier. So, another popular connection is to make all the battery in Yin plug, and electric adjustment are connected to the male plug, so that increase the risk of the battery reverse connect. But the most fundamental reason is that manufacturers changed plug must be one-on-one to sell rules, so although we use a lot of female plug, also won’t cause waste.
Code 4: all your equipment plug rules should be consistent, can ensure that equipment of generality.
1 if welding fission electricity words, cut a across the car to the central wire. Remember wire ends must first on the tin. Then in the fifth step, don’t welding battery in the middle of connecting link, welding on this period of wire line.

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Know motor diode

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A, function
In simple terms, the diode has the following functions: 1. Protect unidirectional electric adjustment of power MOSFET tube, reduce electric spark. 2. Reduction. Protection electric adjustment the function meaning needless to say after ather, both you and I don’t want to easily try barbecue electric adjustment taste. And reduction function I don’t know why. But it actually really is in on the action. And the pipe and the more, the more obvious the effect. This problem only consult those who play tram player after ather. They can tell if you remove these diode, control what will feel different.
Note: diode can only and unidirectional electric adjustment are used together. Two-way electric adjustment using diode on the electric is shobach the deadly! The barbecue is the overture.
Second, the requirements
For these diode requirements: 1. The internal resistance smaller may be more beautiful, that is to say turn-on voltage drop smaller may be more beautiful. 2. Switch frequency, the higher the better.
Small internal resistance of the above mentioned two function is better. Switch frequency high because modern electric adjustment all the switch mode of work. Switching frequency is less 1 KHZ, much can have more than twenty KHZ. Common diode work speed too slow, often too late to turn off in time. This work frequency more than 1 KHZ (or higher, specific don’t remember), diode and no unidirectional conduction of the performance. In other words, and a quarter conductor or a small resistance makes no difference. Of course so that your machine will turn very sweaty, and electric adjustment will quickly become a barbecue.
With the above two conditions of the diode only schottky diode. Way its conduction pressure drop is only about 0.3 V, 0.4 V, 0.7 V than general diode – 0.8 V low much. Secondly it work frequency is very high. Usually 100-200 KHZ work frequency is no problem.
Three, specification and the choose and buy
Schottky diode specification has a lot of. But suitable for car motor is running out. The minimum requirement is: 1. Is schottky diode! You are profiteer cheated, that is not a temper. 2. As far as possible volume small, the weight light as far as possible. Play the car to play, you will find that contributes to the car ecstasy friends are like small, light, good performance, function complete, easy to use objects. 3. Current capacity the bigger the better
Meet above requirement of schottky diode is not much. The general is such a pipe: 1. Single capacity in 3 a – and a between, of course, the bigger the better, but there is a limit. At present in the right volume, the capacity is so big, later technology development, there may be more, fever players are hope the bigger the better after ather. 2. Packaged with cylindrical type of small package, pin from cylindrical diode package body two relative cylinder derivation, and its volume and weight is smaller may be more beautiful, the lighter the better. Generally the diameter of the cylinder in about 3-5 mm, the length of the cylinder in about 8 to 10 mm. Lead diameter at about 0.7 0.8 mm. 3. Pressure 30 v or so. General pressure low resistance will be more small. But in order to durable and safe, still had better choose the pressure level of better. Pressure is too high, and there is no need to, the car motor turns spark voltage generally not more than two times the power supply voltage. 30 v pressure is about car power supply voltage (6 battery peak voltage at about eight v or so) more than 3 times, this is a more reasonable and safe value.
There are many on the market than current capacity mentioned above pipe larger schottky diode. And the price is cheap, the most expensive not more than twenty yuan. Why don’t those pipe? This is because, even though their nominal current frequently is twenty A above, even more than 100 A. But the actual use effect is not better than we mentioned above where strong! In fact many of our fans in motor on parallel 2, and even more small pipe – as long as the motor on the rear cover there is plenty of space. I saw in the fast if you and the most pipe about can have four or five many. This kind of parallel multiple capacity relatively small pipe method than directly using a large pipe effect – either from the Angle of heat (in fact is not what big question), or from the Angle of performance (if first mentioned the two function is really important to you, I feel to control the demand is not high, I don’t know how much difference) – are obvious strong. And the big pipe installation is really a headache, volume big don’t say, because it has a pin and pipe is behind the metal sheet is the same, so the installation or must the tape or any other insulation things put it behind the metal wrap up, or will be placed. Don’t make bad will be a short circuit of the motor. That you of electrically controlled immediately became a barbecue after ather
Schottky diode in the electronic market is very easy to get, and the price is cheap. General mentioned above that kind of packaging and capacity of the schottky diode price at about 1-2 yuan/only. If you find those marked “power field effect tube”, “high power MOSFET”, “schottky tube” and “quick recovery diode” signs such as the counter to find, usually can find. Of course, these counter TO sell that is called 220 -, -, or TO – 3 p packaging (mentioned above is the large capacity of the pipe, square package, 10 mm – twenty mm square behind, there is a metal sheet and one of the pin is same, volume than the above mentioned that small pipe) of the schottky diode more. You need the patience to explain to them you need to type. Because the price is not expensive, so you can buy a few spare, or good our exchange of needed goods. But that sentence, it is first mentioned the role of the two, as for whether or not you are useful, or to control your feeling have influence, whether to need to parallel N many, parallel N many to control handle what effect, is that you need to your own practice and experience, or listen to master the parrot.
Of course, if you have no experience, but don’t want to bother to electronic market, then the best way is to look for model businessman order after ather. But the price is a bit expensive. General regular distributors is from level 1 distributors to get goods. This thing from the electronic market entry model market itself will add a price. Plus, not every player has to choose and buy electronic market ability. They more also

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The novice the initial flying remote control aircraft Notes

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With more and more people playing remote control helicopters, many not played remotely piloted aircraft also joined the ranks of HM players! In fact, a lot of remote control aircraft enthusiasts are not the experience of flying remote control aircraft, but with the requirement of anything higher, three-way simple remote control helicopter is also difficult to meet the remote control aircraft players. Many players will choose the price is more expensive four-channel remote control airplane remote control aircraft, but the four-way remote control aircraft flight handling requirements, so here novice friends to the remote control airplane remote control airplane flying first Note:

Switch the order to play with the remote control aircraft must first open the remote control switch, and then open the switch of aircraft, most of the remote control aircraft and remote control are frequency! So first open conducive to remote control aircraft remote control of frequency.

Takeoff must not shove the throttle switch, remote control aircraft throttle switch unlike children electric car switch, remote control aircraft throttle switch is controlled size, the faster the greater the speed of the push, the If the throttle consequences shoves is The aircraft look into the sky. So slowly push the throttle forward.

The novice initial flight regardless of your aircraft is large or small, wind or not, best to get into the open flying remote control airplane flying speed very fast! Novice hard not to run into a wall in a narrow space.

Aircraft fell to the ground after right throttle to recover, remote control aircraft throttle generally are not returned, which means that if the aircraft fell to the ground if you do not put the throttle to recover, the accelerator will be a starting state, then aircraft hit the ground, the propeller, like in the rotated state, so it is easy to cause damage to the aircraft!

Well above points after flying remote control aircraft can greatly reduce the damage to the speed of the remote control aircraft!

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Propeller power calculation

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Power (W) diameter (D) pitch (P) r/min (N)
Power (W) = (D / 10) 4 power * (P / 10) * (N / 1000) 3 power * 0.45
Speed (SP) km/h = (P / 10) * (N / 1000) * 15.24
Static thrust (Th) g = (D / 10) 3 power * (P / 10) * (N / 1000) 2 power * 22
That is more than the number of theory from

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The helicopter rotation is introduced

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Normal flight condition, rotor tension finally from the engine power, when the engine failure or artificially and rotor system release, there must be other driving force to keep the rotor speed. To do this, it must be from the bar to the end, always put the helicopter drop, let relative wind promote rotor provides driving force. This kind of circumstance, we call the state of the helicopter for rotation.
Although the majority of rotation in the forward flight speed, consider the helicopter in the still air vertical rotation situation more conducive to explain why rotor can continue to rotate. In this case, as long as the calculation a piece of blade on the various force, then the calculation to the other piece of blade is effective, need not consider its in 360 ° rotation on the surface of the bearing. Picture below shows the various Angle and the airflow.
Note: some pictures keep out, please click view
Can see, to flow Angle by the rotor rotating speed and drop from the relative wind decision.
Rotation force and rotor tension
If we will be A piece of blade is divided into A, B, C three sections, each section of the relative wind direction by blade speed and helicopter drop rate decision. Each section of the rate of descent have a mean value, but the rotation speed from the blade tip to the blade root gradually decreases, and therefore to flow from the blade tip Angle of the blade root is gradually increased. Because installation Angle from the blade tip to the blade root is also gradually increased, and the blade Angle of attack is equal to the installation Angle and to flow Angle, so blade maximum Angle of attack in the blade root.
If the blade every part of the Angle of attack is known, by looking at the profile data table can determine the force (force), the rotor tension vector and resistance.
In A section, the situation and have the same powered flight, force in the rotation of the plane of the component and the direction of rotation on the contrary, its role is to slow down the rotor speed;
In the B section, in the plane of rotation without component, only tension (lift);
In the C section, force in the rotation of the plane of the component function is accelerated blade rotation, this kind of circumstance, it will no longer be called rotor resistance, and is called the rotation force.
If now we will be a piece of rotor blade as a whole, produce rotation force part will accelerate blade rotation, part of the resistance to slow down the blade rotation. In order to maintain a constant rotor speed, rotor resistance part rotation must balance part and other auxiliary resistance (transmission shaft, tail rotor, etc.).
Under normal circumstances, the total distance completely put the end, rate of descent appropriate, rotation of the rotor speed will remain in the appropriate range. Rotation, if increase total distance, blade all part of the installation Angle will increase, so the rotation of offshoring. At the same time, D area will stall, generate additional resistance, shorten the rotation area, speed down.
From high altitude or big weight rotation means big rate of descent to flow Angle will be bigger, rotation region along the blade expand, speed will be higher.
Fly rotation before
Before the fly from the rotation force principle and stationary air vertical rotation is the same. The forward flight, after disc to flow Angle change, because before the blade Angle of attack is more important, the disc, it will be part of the rotation along the blade before the direction.
In the still hovering in the air, if the engine parking, the pilot will always distance completely put the end, the helicopter will speed up down, until it reaches such a state: incidence Angle enough to produce a total force to provide rotation force keep rotor speed, and produce tension balance weight. When the state is reached then the helicopter will stop falling faster and maintain a stable rate of descent. When some external factors lead to Angle of attack increases, the rate of descent will be reduced.
And still air of vertical rotation, compared to fly before the rate of descent gradient at first decreases, and more than a certain speed, rate of descent gradient began to increase. The forward flight falls rate gradient of the change reason is the relative wind direction changes.
Rotation, reduced the potential energy release part produce rotor tension balance weight, part of the balance waste resistance and its rotation force keep rotor speed.
Consider more factors and the relationship between the former rapid, can get a similar to the required power curve graph. When the rotation changhang corresponding rate of descent minimum, speed point drop rate curve corresponding to its lowest level. Use the most (speed/rate of descent) flight can achieve maximum range, from the point of origin to decline rate curve curve as tangent, cutting speed is farthest distance speed.
As the helicopter flight stop rotation, rotation drop process, potential energy into kinetic energy released.
Rotate at a level effect and have the same powered flight, because to flow Angle increase rotation area to the blade tip mobile, the rotor speed will increase, as long as the flattening effect persists, increased rotor speed will reduce rate of descent.
When close to the ground, the use of the total distance increase rotor tension, rotor system stored kinetic energy is released, the helicopter can a light landing, but rotor kinetic energy once release speed will drop rapidly.
Rotation level
Rotation in turn
In order to adjust the position of the selected site, sometimes need to turn. When rotation turn has the following results:
Turn must improve the total distance to control the speed, when change out of turn, want to put down the total distance to prevent speed down.

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Remote control helicopter 3 d – spin roll

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“Spin roll” namely Sustained Choas, in 2005 3 d Master 30 action ranked 19th, the difficulty coefficient is K2 (k1 are divided into k1.5 K2 k2.5 k3 four files); In the United States hand this action to belong to medium difficulty, but in Japan hand difficulty is bigger; I always believe that the United States, Japan, hand in hand just sent a mathematical transformation, should the length, so never want to give up Japanese hand practice 3 d;
Sustained Choas according to the direction of rotation is divided into two kinds:
1. When is flying the rotate right, this is the practice of young; This kind of practice engine load, complete the difficulty is big also some;
2. When is flying to the rotation, this is later JK, AlanSzabo practice; This kind of practice engine load is small, relatively easy; This approach because make full use of the main blade against torque, making the autorotation finish the action in the process of possible;
Introduce my practice method, the direction of rotation is young, and a ring and a:
1. In the mouth uniform meditate on the 1-2-1-2… This is the beat time ah, through the beginning and the end of the practice; A metronome’ll be better; Speed by individual made;
Will the remote control to play to the 3 d model; When the spin to the right rudder play the aircraft rotation up, also requires a beat the plane rotation 180 degrees, the graph:
2. Beat down, according to the practice, this is “pure manual” practice; The beginning can two hands separate practice; This kind of practice left to get slash, difficulty is big, but in the air can say stop stop, relatively safe:
3. In order to reduce the difficulty, can increase a flight mode, the model under the rudder right drift certain quantity, to the left hand not dozen rudder when the plane can according to beat rotation; The operation technique into the corresponding;
This method reduces the difficulty, but in the air to stopping time practice to make a switch, increased reaction time:
4. Above is the remote control doesn’t open when power unarmed practice way; Have the above solid basic skills, the simulator or official flight from hovering state transition to spin and writhe in as long as do the following a little changes will do:
Will it take for the first practice is divided into the following 1-1 1-2 two time went, behind, the following cycle according to the above practice to do:

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IRCHA helicopter difficulty of movement classification

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IRCHA (international remote control model helicopter association) will helicopter difficulty of movement is divided into seven grades, set by the executive committee. The first level of difficulty is lowest, in accordance with the level of increase and improve difficulty, the seventh is the difficulty of the highest level.
If you are a remote control model of helicopter beginners, or just began to learn hover, these different levels of many action, it for you will be a mission impossible. But there is no any kind of action is not to achieve, the majority of the helicopter can complete these specified action. As long as you improve your handling skills, you can carry out these figures, perform some senior action, you may need to slightly modify his helicopter.
The first level
The first level is the most basic of the program, the main is to protect the safety of the maneuvers, familiar with hover and related action skills. For most of the action, the helicopter tail-in towards.
. Take off
From the landing area will helicopter vertical take-off, maintain the stability of the rising velocity, rising process allow slight lateral migration. The helicopter was halted the rise, the body should be kept completely motionless, and do not have any vertical rise or fall, and little to no lateral wobble or drifting. Landing area is defined as a 1 meter diameter circle.
. The stationary hover
1. After the take-off kept completely motionless, and do not have any vertical bounce or dip, and little to no lateral wobble or drifting.
2. Hover for 1 minute.
3. The stationary hover should show the appearance of being under total control.
. Horizontal scrolling
1. From take-off area keep over hover, then level forward ten (10) feet, hold hover ten seconds.
2. Then level back twenty feet, hover ten seconds.
3. Level forward ten (10) feet until the helicopter to the left level over the landing area, move and scale, hover ten seconds.
4. Then turn right level mobile and stationary hover) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
5. Left horizontal scrolling 10 feet, back to over the landing area.
6. Landing stand should be completely fell on the landing area.
. Multiple height hover
1. After take-off hover for five (5) seconds.
2. Vertical rise two (2) meters, hold for five (5) seconds.
3. Vertical drop two (2) meters, hold for five (5) seconds.
4. Landing stand should be completely fell on the landing area.
. 45 ° Angle hover
1. After take-off hover for five (5) seconds.
2. To the left or right will head rotation 45 °, hover for five (5) seconds.
3. Will head rotation 45 ° back to the original direction, hover for five (5) seconds.
4. Will head toward the other side turn 45 °, hover for five (5) seconds.
5. Will head rotation 45 ° back to the original direction, hover for five (5) seconds.
6. Landing stand should be completely fell on the landing area.
. Side hover
1. As a 45 ° Angle hover general, but in step 2 and 4, will head rotation 90 °.
. Diagonal hover
1. The length of side for ten meters square center after taking off the landing area, move the helicopter to the right, the stationary hover began helicopter to a corner of the square, hover for five (5) seconds, and then fly back to the center of the square.
2. To square the rest three corner, repeat step 1.
3. Landing stand should be completely fell on the landing area.
. Circle Hovering
1. Head to the horizontal circle
A. after take-off hover for five (5) seconds.
B. keep the helicopter to the right, to control in the same direction, in (10) meter circle diameter. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
C. to the left, repeating step b.
D. landing stand should be completely fell on the landing area.
2. Head orientation horizontal circle
. After take-off hover for five (5) seconds.
A. move the helicopter to the right, in the front of the maneuvers in the same direction, in (10) meter circle diameter. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
B. to the left, repeating step b.
C. Landing stand should be completely fell on the landing area.
The second
Secondary belong to moderate, the control has the ability to implement basic flying skills. The essence of the second is to successfully completing all components of level I, then advancing to the ability to fly the.
. Horizontal sliding
1. From the landing area to helicopter vertical take-off to eyes and with high, hover for a few seconds.
2. Slowly sliding forward at least ten meters distance.
3. Will head turned to windward and continue straight and level forward at least ten meters distance.
4. The next can directly “vertical climb” program or landing procedures, landing the body must be in the arrangement of the landing area.
. Vertical climb
1. Implement the “horizontal sliding” by gradually increasing power/pitch, make the body began to rise.
2. Continue to climb until about fifty feet high.
3. Vertical climb in the process, the body must be parallel with the channel, and maintain an appropriate rising velocity.
. 90 ° steering
1. Implement the “vertical climb”, will head rotation 90 °, make the helicopter and the audience.
. Rectangular flight
1. Implement the “vertical climb” and a “90 ° steering”, keep on straight and level.
2. Implement the second “90 ° steering”, the direction of rotation must be the same with the first.
3. Continue to step 2 procedures until flight path can form a square or rectangle.
. 180 ° rotary
1. The helicopter flying straight and level and then performing the action of turning, turning 180 ° to the positive channel, continue to fly straight and level.
2. Respectively from the left to the right, and the right to left, implement the turning away from the pilot).
3. Respectively from the left to the right, and the right to left, implement inside turning toward the pilot.
. Straight and level flight
1. From left to right, perform straight and level flight.
2. From right to left, perform straight and level flight.
. Head orientation and word flight
1. The helicopter vertical take-off to eyes and with high, hover for a few seconds.
2. The helicopter in the same height, with speed and head toward the fixed direction, to the right or to the left began to carry out the action of horizontal circle.

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A set of think the best flight principle this paper

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Helicopters can vertical fly basic reason is simple, but the flight control is not easy. Rotor can produce lift, but who to produce thrust forward? Separate installation other propulsion engine of course, but it increases the weight and overall complexity, can make rotor and bear lift and propulsion function? Lift – promoting problem solving, and steering, pitch and roll control problem. Rotor rotation to induce the lift at the same time, to produce the reverse torsion (junior middle school physics: force will have reaction), so the helicopter and a unique reverse torque control problem.
The helicopter main rotor reverse torsion of the schematic diagram
There is no certain measures against torque, the helicopter will dozen/tail rotor is offset against torsion of the most common method of helicopter offset against torque scheme has a lot of, the most conventional is the tail rotor. The main rotor clockwise rotation of the body will produce counter-clockwise reverse torsion, tail rotor must or push or pull, produce the clockwise direction thrust, in order to offset the main rotor reverse torsion.
Offset reverse torsion of the main rotor, tail rotor layout, also called the conventional layout, because this is the most common and typical bell 407 tail rotor main rotor of course can also clockwise rotation, clockwise or counterclockwise, both between no better points. Interestingly, the United States, Britain, Germany, Italy, and Japan the Lord of the helicopter rotor is counterclockwise rotation, France, Russia, China, India, Poland helicopter is clockwise rotation, Britain, Germany, Italy, and Japan helicopter industry are introduced from the United States, and the United States began to permit the same habit can understand, and India, Poland is the former Soviet union and France to introduce license, and French, Russian habit the same can also understand, but the United States and Russia why from the beginning the selected different directions, France why don’t choose the same direction, and Russia is consistent, may be just a history of the joke.
Countries helicopter main rotor rotating direction to compare the tail rotor helicopter design brings a lot of trouble. If the tail rotor is too big, can make to the ground, so the tail rotor size is restricted, to provide enough reverse torsion, it needs to improve the speed, so that the tail rotor wing tip speed is big, the noise of the tail rotor is very big. Extreme cases, tail rotor wing tip speed can even more than velocity of sound, form the sonic boom. Tail rotor needs to be installed in the tail brace, tail stay more long, the tail rotor torque, the torsion effect is good, but the end of the weight of the support. In order to put the power transfer to the tail rotor, tail stay inside need to install a long shaft, this adds weight and mechanical complexity. The tail rotor helicopter flight safety is the biggest challenge, the main rotor lost power, the helicopter can spin landing; But the tail rotor once lost power, the helicopter will dozen, out of control. In a fight, because the tail rotor helicopter crashed and the probability of damage is much higher than for other parts of the hit. Even if not battle damage situation, use at ordinary times, the tail rotor to the ground personnel risk is very big, carelessly, and the nearby personnel and equipment will be hit. In residential areas or glade hovering or landing, tail rotor is easy to hang buildings, wire, branches, dancing items.
Tail rotor can be push type, also can be pull type, it is generally thought that to push for high efficiency. Although no matter push or pull, the air will always support through the tail, but in the tail rotor speed, low air flow through the air before the end of the support is kinetic energy loss. Tail rotor rotation direction can be the main rotor, that is to say, for the main rotor counterclockwise, tail rotor turn forward (or, from the right to see, the tail rotor helicopter clockwise rotation), so that the tail rotor on the main rotor aerodynamic interference is small, the main rotor lift force can give full play to. Tail rotor can also reverse the direction of the main rotor rotation, that is to say, counterclockwise to the main rotor, tail rotor turn back (or, from the right to see, the tail rotor helicopter counterclockwise), so that the tail rotor and the main rotor formed between a mutual interference, the main rotor lift force by the loss, but the tail rotor role to strengthen, so can downsize, or reduce the power. There was no absolute advantages and disadvantages, design at the time, generally choose the turn, only the improper design, tail rotor control action is not enough, they choose inverse the turn, like m – 24 helicopters that.
Han road tail rotor (fenestron) will tail rotor narrowed, “hidden” in the tail end support the great opening, equivalent to install a tail rotor cover, so greatly improve security, is not easy to play into the surrounding objects. By the way YuHan around the tail rotor is covered, tail rotor wing tip the airflow situation greatly simplified, wing tip speed is higher also not greatly increase the noise. The shield also cover and direction of noise greatly reduced. Han road tail rotor faults is fan by structure bring greater weight, the problem with han road tail rotor diameter increase dramatically worse, so han road tail rotor is difficult to use large helicopter. Han road tail rotor only the French helicopter adopted, the United States the dismount Comanche is outside France rare the culvert way tail rotor example.
Dolphin helicopter culvert tail rotor/classic word by word culvert tail rotor of EC – 120 helicopter, China in the cooperative manufacturing
The United States has dismount RAH – 66 “koeman odd” helicopter also contain the word Tail Rotor another replace Tail Rotor scheme is NOTAR, NOTAR is No Tail Rotor (meaning No Tail Rotor) referred to as, with jet ejector and main Rotor downwash flow favorable interaction formed the torque. The main rotor downwash flow generated from the tail support through the tail brace on both sides, the engine produces the compressed air through the tail shore side of the downward slot jet, make this side of the downwash flow to tail support surface adsorption and accelerate (that is, the so-called jet effect or Coanda effect), tailing brace on both sides of the airflow speed difference, produce to the side of the side thrust, realize no tail rotor reverse torsion. The top of the tail support direct jet control to provide more fine direction control, but does not provide the main reverse torsion, not can’t, but with the jet effect can use less jet will achieve greater reverse torsion. From this principle nay, if the tail support section into wing, wash the air itself can produce side thrust, or even next side installation similar flap device to control the lateral thrust, will not

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Hong Kong a model machine hurt be condemned

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A man last year in Hong Kong tseung kwan o area play model plane, meanwhile, remote control helicopter process out of control, wing hit friends head, cause the left half paralyzed. The man yesterday in kwun tong court ruled by a harm to other people or property security charges, be fined up to 5000 yuan. This is the first case of for control model plane hurt others, and cited the civil aviation regulations accused and convicted case.
The defendant ChenMinJian (forty years old), present in baker, earlier after the trial, yesterday was ruled a harm to other people or property safety into sin. Temperature officer describe case very unfortunate, accused the defendant be had consequences, and the result of drunk driving, but no matter belong to the catastrophic court case how to judgment, the victim is also counterproposal without any help.
Did not take into consideration the safety of others is responsible for
Temperature officer in ruling out the defendant as remote control aircraft activities of participants, is supposed to know the activities has certain risk, remote control aircraft has the power and weight, if because of equipment failure, or the operating frequency problem, suddenly out of control down, can cause gathered in flight channel nearby people hurt, so maneuvers of participating in activities must focus on careful, but knowing that the defendant with the audience is present, but not make remote control aircraft away from the crowd, or pay attention to have deviation channel, and timely warning people present, and finally made a great mistake.
Temperature control for the official to choose a model plane of pleasure, but do not have to bear the reckless with other people or objects near the security responsibility, such as drivers drive for the sake of convenience and fun, but not responsible for the safety of other road users, the defendant’s attitude is clearly consequence be against pirates, he is also so want to be responsible for due responsibility.
Manual vehicle also is “plane”
Due to the temperature officer earlier to the civil aviation regulations for “plane” one word explanation, the accused and the defendant of the both sides address, temperature official acceptance referred to the prosecution, according to relevant regulations, organic division driving or hand control have aircraft aircraft, all can be interpreted as “plane”, it also includes involving the remote control aircraft referred to. And the case quoted the civil aviation regulations control sin is to point to, because no one may be or neglect, and harm to other people or property safety, on conviction to a fine of $5000, the highest.
The case refers to the last January 13,, members of LuoGuoHua (45 years old) in tseung kwan o jun macro street watching a plane is flying drones, then approach is also control remote control aircraft of the defendant, but the frame weight nearly 7 kilograms of remote control aircraft suddenly steep fall, contusion members.

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